**Replication do file for Appendix of Elizabeth Brannon, Jakana Thomas and Lora DiBlasi. "Fighting for Peace? The Effects of Women's Participation in Rebel Groups on Peace Negotiations." Journal of Politics


use "Brannon_etal_Appendix.dta", clear

**Label variables
label variable female_members_yearly "Female Members"
label variable  v2x_delibdem "Democracy"
label variable medcount "# Mediation Attempts" 
label variable lngovdeaths "Government Battle Deaths"
label variable lnrebdeaths "Rebel Battle Deaths"
label variable rebelchange "Rebel Leadership Change"
label variable pts_average "Political Terror Scale Average"
label variable ideolleft "Leftist Rebel Ideology"
label variable ideolrel "Religious Rebel Ideology"
label variable N_rebelGroups "Number of Rebel Groups"
label variable Terr "Territorial Control"
label variable rebstrengthvar "Relative Rebel Strength"
label variable govtchange "Government Leadership Change"
label variable lnOSV "Rebel One-Sided Violence"
label variable attack "Number of Rebel Terror Attacks"
label variable rebel_support_explicit "Rebel External Support"
label variable negotiation_demand_binary "Negotiation Demand"
label variable negotiations_ALL "Negotiation Incidence"
label variable ethnic "Ethnic Conflict"
label variable frontline_prev_best "Female Combatant Prevalence:WAAR"
label variable cat4_prevalence_best_static_RR "Female Combatant Prevalence:WARD"
label variable dyad_id "Dyad ID"
label variable negotiations "Negotiations Thomas "
label variable NegotiationsGroup "Negotiation sCunningham and Sawyer "
label variable negotiation_Aris "Negotiations Aris"
label variable negotiations_ALLw_Aris "Combined Nego. with Aris data"
label variable tm_a "Terror Attacks Fortna et al"
label variable lead_military "Women Military Leadership"
label variable lead_noncombat "Women Non-military Leadership"
label variable negever "Dyad Ever Negotiated"
label variable negotiations_RM "Ryckman MavesBraithwaite Negotiations in Year"
label variable goodgov "Inclusive Rebel Governance"
label variable female_member_first_plus "Female Member First Mentions"
label variable female_member_first "Female Member First Mentions Strict"
label variable count_success "Thomas 2014 Terror Attacks"
label variable negotiation_onset "Negotiation Onset"
***APPENDIX

*Section I: Statistical Tables for Causal Mediation Analysis

*Table 1: Causal Mediation Analyses Examining the Effect of Female Rebels as Mediated Through Terrorism (Polo and Gleditsch 2016)

*Figure 3A: Negotiation Incidence
medeff (regress attack female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit  lnOSV) (logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV), mediate(attack) treat(female_members_yearly) vce (cluster dyad_id) sims(1000)
estimates store CM1

*Figure 5A: Negotiation Demand 
medeff (regress attack female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit  lnOSV) (logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV), mediate(attack) treat(female_members_yearly) vce (cluster dyad_id) sims(1000)
estimates store CM2
esttab  CM1 CM2  using "CMA1.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 


***Section II: robustness checks for casual mediation analysis models


*Table 2: Causal Mediation Analyses Examining the Effect of Female Rebels as Mediated Through External Support (Cunningham et al. 2013) Replication for Figure 3 in Manuscript and Figure 5B in Appendix

*Figure 3B: Rebel External Support
medeff (logit rebel_support_explicit female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr attack  lnOSV) (logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV), mediate(rebel_support_explicit) treat(female_members_yearly) vce (cluster dyad_id) sims(1000)
estimates store CM3

*Figure 5B: Rebel External Support
medeff (logit rebel_support_explicit female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr attack  lnOSV) (logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV), mediate(rebel_support_explicit) treat(female_members_yearly) vce (cluster dyad_id) sims(1000)
estimates store CM4
esttab  CM3 CM4  using "CMA2.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 


*Table 3: Causal Mediation Analyses Examining the Effect of Female Rebels on Negotiation Incidence as Mediated Through Terrorism-- Alternate Indicators

*Fortna Lotito Rubin TAC data 
medeff (regress tm_a  female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit  lnOSV) (logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit tm_a lnOSV), mediate(tm_a) treat(female_members_yearly) vce (cluster dyad_id) sims(1000)
estimates store Rub1

*Thomas 2014 replication data
medeff (regress count_success female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit  lnOSV) (logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit count_success lnOSV), mediate(count_success) treat(female_members_yearly) vce (cluster dyad_id) sims(1000)

estimates store Tho1
esttab  Rub1 Tho1  using "terr_robust.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 


*Table 4: Causal Mediation Analyses Examining the Effect of Female Rebels on Negotiation Demand as Mediated Through Terrorism-- Alternate Indicators

*Fortna Lotito Rubin TAC data 
medeff (regress tm_a  female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit  lnOSV) (logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit tm_a lnOSV), mediate(tm_a) treat(female_members_yearly) vce (cluster dyad_id) sims(1000)
estimates store Rub2

*Thomas 2014 replication data
medeff (regress count_success female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit  lnOSV) (logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit count_success lnOSV), mediate(count_success) treat(female_members_yearly) vce (cluster dyad_id) sims(1000)

estimates store Tho2
esttab  Rub2 Tho2  using "terr_robust2.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 


*Table 5: Causal Mediation Analyses Examining the Effect of Female Rebels on Negotiation Incidence as Mediated Through Rebel One-sided (Petterson et al 2019)

*Fortna Lotito Rubin TAC data 
medeff (regress lnOSV female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit  attack) (logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV), mediate(lnOSV) treat(female_members_yearly) vce (cluster dyad_id) sims(1000)
estimates store ES1

*Thomas 2014 replication data
medeff (regress lnOSV female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit  attack) (logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV), mediate(lnOSV) treat(female_members_yearly) vce (cluster dyad_id) sims(1000)
estimates store ES2

esttab  ES1 ES2  using "OSV_CMA.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 



*Table 6: Causal Mediation Analyses Examining the Effect of Female Rebels on Negotiation Incidence and Demand as Mediated Through Rebel Strength (Cunningham et al. 2013)

medeff (regress rebstrengthvar lnOSV attack female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths  rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit  ) (logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV), mediate(rebstrengthvar) treat(female_members_yearly) vce (cluster dyad_id) sims(1000)
estimates store RS1

medeff (regress rebstrengthvar lnOSV attack female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths  rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit  ) (logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV), mediate(rebstrengthvar) treat(female_members_yearly) vce (cluster dyad_id) sims(1000)
estimates store RS2

esttab  RS1 RS2  using "Rebstrength_CMA.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 


*Table 7: Causal Mediation Analyses Examining the Effect of Female Rebels on Negotiation Incidence and Demand as Mediated Through Rebels' Inclusive Governance Institutions (Breslawski 2021)*models substitute good governance for territorial control 

medeff (logit goodgov female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths  rebelchange rebstrengthvar govtchange ideolleft  ethnic N_rebelGroups  rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV) (logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft   ethnic N_rebelGroups goodgov rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV), mediate(goodgov) treat(female_members_yearly) vce (cluster dyad_id) sims(1000)
estimates store DS1

medeff (logit goodgov female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths  rebelchange rebstrengthvar govtchange ideolleft  ethnic N_rebelGroups  rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV ) (logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly goodgov v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft  ethnic N_rebelGroups  rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV ), mediate(goodgov) treat(female_members_yearly) vce (cluster dyad_id) sims(1000)
estimates store DS2

esttab  DS1 DS2  using "domestic_leg1.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 



*Table 8: Causal Mediation Analyses Examining the Effect of Female Rebels on Negotiation Incidence and Demand as Mediated Through Rebels' Domestic Ethnic Support (Wucherpfennig et al. 2012)

medeff (regress EPR female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel  N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit  attack lnOSV) (logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel  N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV EPR), mediate(EPR) treat(female_members_yearly) vce (cluster dyad_id) sims(1000)
estimates store DS3


medeff (regress EPR female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel  N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV) (logit negotiation_demand_binar female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel  N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV EPR), mediate(EPR) treat(female_members_yearly) vce (cluster dyad_id) sims(1000)
estimates store DS4


esttab  DS3 DS4  using "domestic_leg2.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 

*****To generate Figures 5--11
*coefficients from causal mediation models inputted into causal_mediation.xls. Use datasets to generate Figures 5--12 ** generate figures with:
*label define id 1 " Total" 2 "ADE" 3 "ACME" 
*label values id id
*twoway (rcap min max id, hor ) (scatter id beta, mlabel(id) mlabposition(1))


use "Brannon_etal_Appendix.dta", clear

*Section III: Alternative measurements for negotiation incidence

**Thomas (2014)
logit negotiations female_members_yearly, cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store Th1

logit negotiations female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved) ) level(95) 
*Figure 13
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiations)
estimates store Th2

*Cunningham and Sawyer (2020)*
logit NegotiationsGroup female_members_yearly, cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store CS1

logit NegotiationsGroup female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store T1m2
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved) ) level(95) 
*Figure 14
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiations)
estimates store CS2


*Aris (2022)
logit negotiation_Aris female_members_yearly , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store A1

logit negotiation_Aris female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store A2

logit negotiations_ALLw_Aris female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store A3
*Figure 15
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved) ) level(95) 
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiations)

*Table 9
esttab Th1 Th2 CS1 CS2 A1 A2 A3 using "neg_attempts.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 

*Section IV: Forced Recruitment
*Table 10 Logistic Regression Examining the Effect of Female Membership on Negotiation Incidence- Interacting Forced Recruitment and Female Members

*** interaction with forced recruitment 
*Model 1
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly##i.forced v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved)  forced  =(0 (1) 1))  level(90) 
*Figure 16
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiations)
estimates store force1
*Model 2
logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly##i.forced v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
*Figure 17
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved)  forced  =(0 (1) 1))  level(90) 
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands)
estimates store force2

esttab  force1 force2 using "forced.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 


*Table 11 : Logistic Regression Examining the Effect of Female Membership on Negotiation Incidence & Negotiation Demands- Forced Recruitment Split Samples

*Model 1
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  if forced==1 , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved) ) level(95) 
estimates store FR1


logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  if forced==0 , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved) ) level(95) 
estimates store FR2

logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  if forced==1 , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved) ) level(95) 
estimates store FR3

logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  if forced==0 , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved) ) level(95) 
estimates store FR4


esttab  FR1 FR2 FR3 FR4 using "forced2.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 


*Section V. Women's Roles in Rebellion

*Table 12 : Logistic Regression Examining the Effect of Female Membership on Negotiation Incidence & Negotiation Demands- Interactions with WAAR female combatant data 

*Model 1
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly frontline_prev_best v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV, cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store FC1

*Model 2
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly##c.frontline_prev_best v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved)  frontline_prev_best  =(0 (1) 4))  level(95)
*Figure 18: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence by Female Members - Across Female Combatant Prevalence (WAAR data)
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands)
estimates store FC2

*Model 3
logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly frontline_prev_best v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store FC3

*Model 4
firthlogit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly##c.frontline_prev_best v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved)  frontline_prev_best  =(0 (1) 4))  level(95)

*Figure 19: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands by Female Members - Across Female Combatant Prevalence (WAAR data)
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands)
estimates store FC4

esttab  FC1 FC2 FC3 FC4 using "frontline_combat.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 


*Table 13 : Logistic Regression Examining the Effect of Female Membership on Negotiation Incidence & Negotiation Demands - Interactions with WARD female combatant data

*Model 1
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly_RR##c.cat4_prevalence_best_static_RR v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx (female_members_yearly_RR) at((asobserved) _all  cat4_prevalence_best_static_RR =(0 (1) 3))  level(95) 
*Figure 20: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands by Female Members- Across Female Combatant Prevalence (WARD data)
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands)
estimates store cat41

*Model 2
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly_RR c.cat4_prevalence_best_static_RR v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx (female_members_yearly_RR) at((asobserved) _all  cat4_prevalence_best_static_RR =(0 (1) 3))  level(95) 
marginsplot
estimates store cat42

*Model 3
firthlogit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly_RR##c.cat4_prevalence_best_static_RR v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV 
margins,  dydx (female_members_yearly_RR) at((asobserved) _all  cat4_prevalence_best_static_RR =(0 (1) 3))  level(95) 
*Figure 21: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands by Female Members- Across Female Combatant Prevalence (WARD data)
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands)
estimates store cat43

*Model 4
logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly_RR c.cat4_prevalence_best_static_RR v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV, cluster (dyad_id) 
estimates store cat44

esttab  cat41 cat42 cat43 cat44  using "ward.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 

*2. Women's Leadership Roles 

*Table 14 : Logistic Regression Examining the Effect of Female Membership on Negotiation Incidence & Negotiation Demands WAAR Military Leader


*Leadership using data from WAAR (Loken and Matfess 2022)

*A. Women's Military Leadership (WAAR data)

*Model 1
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly_RR##i.lead_military v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store lead1
*Figure 22: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence by Female Members - Across and Female Military Leadership (WAAR data)
margins,  dydx (female_members_yearly_RR) at((asobserved) _all  lead_military =(0 (1) 1))  level(95) 
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence)

*Model 2
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly_RR lead_military v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store lead2

*Model 3
logit negotiation_demand_bin female_members_yearly_RR##i.lead_military v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store lead3
*Figure 23: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands by Female Members - Across and Female Military Leadership (WAAR data)
margins,  dydx (female_members_yearly_RR) at((asobserved) _all  lead_military =(0 (1) 1))  level(95) 
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demand)

*Model 4
logit negotiation_demand_bin female_members_yearly_RR lead_military v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store lead4

esttab  lead1 lead2 lead3 lead4  using  "waarleader1.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 

*B. Women's Non-Military Leadership (WAAR data)
*Table 15 : Logistic Regression Examining the Effect of Female Membership on Negotiation Incidence & Demands - WAAR Nonmilitary Leaders

*Model 1
*Figure 24: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence by Female Members - Across and Female Non-Military Leadership (WAAR data)
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly_RR##i.lead_noncombat v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store lead4
margins,  dydx (female_members_yearly_RR) at((asobserved) _all  lead_nonc =(0 (1) 1))  level(95) 
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence)
estimates store lead5

*Model 2
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly_RR lead_noncombat v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store lead6

*Figure 25: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demand by Female Members - Across and Female Non-Military Leadership (WAAR data)

*Model 3
logit negotiation_demand_bin female_members_yearly_RR##i.lead_noncombat v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store lead7
margins,  dydx (female_members_yearly_RR) at((asobserved) _all  lead_nonc =(0 (1) 1))  level(95) 
marginsplot, ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demand)

*Model 4
logit negotiation_demand_bin female_members_yearly_RR lead_noncombat v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store lead8


esttab  lead5 lead6 lead7 lead8  using  "waarleader2.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 

*C. Women's Leadership (Henshaw et al data)

*Table 16 : Logistic Regression Examining the Effect of Female Membership on Negotiation Incidence & Demands - Henshaw et al 2019 Leadership data

*Model 1
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly_RR female_leadership_static_RR v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store lead9

*Model 2
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly##i.female_leadership_static_RR v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx (female_members_yearly) at((asobserved) _all  female_leadership_static_RR =(0 (1) 1))  level(95) 
*Figure 26: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands by Female Members - Across and Female Leadership (Henshaw et al data)
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence)
estimates store lead10

*Model 3
logit negotiation_demand_bin female_members_yearly_RR female_leadership_static_RR v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store lead11

*Model 4
logit negotiation_demand_bin female_members_yearly##i.female_leadership_static_RR v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx (female_members_yearly) at((asobserved) _all  female_leadership_static_RR =(0 (1) 1))  level(95) 
*Figure 27: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands by Female Members and Female Leadership (Henshaw et al 2019 data)
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands)
estimates store lead12

esttab  lead9 lead10 lead11 lead12  using "leadhen.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 

*VI. Women in Traditional Political Institutions
*1. Women in State Legislature

*Table 17 : Logistic Regression Examining the Effect of Female Membership on Negotiation Incidence & Demands - Across Female Legislative Participation (V-dem: v2lgfemleg)
*Model 1
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly##c.v2lgfemleg v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount  lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store FL1
*Figure 28: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence by Female Members Across and Female Participation in Legislature (v-dem: v2lgfemleg)
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved)  v2lgfemleg  =(0 (1) 56.25))  level(95) 
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence)

*Model 2
logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly##c.v2lgfemleg v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store FL2
*Figure 29: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands by Female Members Across and Female Participation in Legislature (v-dem: v2lgfemleg)
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved)  v2lgfemleg  =(0 (1) 56.25))  level(95) 
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands)

esttab  FL1 FL2  using "legislature.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 

*2. Gender Equality
* Table 18 : Logistic Regression Examining the Effect of Female Membership on Negotiation Incidence & Demands - Across VDEM gender equality measures

*Model 1
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly##c.v2x_gencl v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved)  v2x_gencl  =(0.070 (.1) .908))  level(95)
*Figure 30: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence by Female Members - Across different values of women's VDEM civil liberties index
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence)
estimates store geneq1
sum v2x_gencl

*Model 2
logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly##c.v2x_gencl v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved)  v2x_gencl  =(0.070 (.1) .908))  level(95)
*Figure 31: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands by Female Members - Across different values of women's VDEM civil liberties index
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands)
estimates store geneq2

*Model 3
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly##c.v2x_gencs v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store geneq3
sum v2x_gencs
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved)  v2x_gencs  =(0.068 (.1) .879))  level(95)
*Figure 32: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence by Female Members -  Across different values of women's VDEM civil liberties index
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence)
sum v2x_gencs

*Model 4
logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly##c.v2x_gencs v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved)  v2x_gencs  =(0.068 (.1) .879))  level(95)
*Figure 33: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands by Female Members -  Across different values of women's VDEM civil liberties index
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands)
estimates store geneq4

*Model 5
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly##c.v2x_genpp v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store geneq5
sum v2x_genpp
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved)  v2x_genpp  =(0.0879 (.1) .999))  level(95)
*Figure 34: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence by Female Members -  Across different values of VDEM women's civil society participation index
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence)

*Model 6
logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly##c.v2x_genpp v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store geneq6
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved)  v2x_genpp  =(0.0879 (.1) .999))  level(95)
*Figure 35: Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands by Female Members -  Across different values of VDEM women's civil society participation index
marginsplot,  ytitle(Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demands)

esttab geneq1 geneq2 geneq3 geneq4 geneq5 geneq6 using "geneq1.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 

*Section VII. Duration Analysis
*Table 19: Cox Proportional Hazards Models Examining Time Until Negotiation Incidence and Onset

*Model 1
stset duration_dyad, id(dyad_id) failure(negotiations_ALL)
stcox  female_members_yearly   v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id) nohr
estimates store st1
*Figure 36: Cox Proportional Hazard Models Examining the Time Until Negotiation Incidence by Female Membership
stcurve, hazard at1(female_members_yearly_RR =0) at2(female_members_yearly_RR =1)

*Model 2
stset duration_dyad  , id(dyad_id) failure(negotiation_onset) 
stcox  female_members_yearly   v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id) nohr
estimates store st2
*Figure 37: Cox Proportional Hazard Models Examining the Time Until Negotiation Incidence by Female Membership
stcurve, hazard at1(female_members_yearly_RR =0) at2(female_members_yearly_RR =1)
esttab st1 st2 using "survival.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 


*Section VIII. Examining Previous Negotiation Attempts

****Account for number of negotiations/previous negotiations
*Table 20 : Regressions Examining the Effect of Female Membership on Number of Negotiations and Negotiation Incidence– Accounting for Previous Negotiation Attempts
*Model 1
poisson negotiations_yr female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store attempt1
*Figure 38: Effect of Female Members on Expected Change in Number of Negotiations in Year
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved) )  level(95)
marginsplot

*Model 2
logit negotiations_RM  female_members_yearly negever  v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store attempt2
*Figure 39: Effect of Female Members on Expected Change in Probability of Negotiations, controlling for previous negotiations in dyad
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved) )  level(95)
marginsplot

esttab attempt1 attempt2 using "neg_attempts.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 

*Section IX. Replications using group-level data and coding only first mentions

*Table 21 : Logistic Regression Examining the Effect of Female Membership on Negotiation Incidence & Demands - Group-Level  data.

*1. Group-level data
collapse (max)negotiations_ALL (max)negotiation_demand_binary (max)female_members_yearly (max) v2x_delibdem (max)pts_average (max) medcount   (sum)lngovdeaths (sum)lnrebdeaths (max)rebstrengthvar (max)rebelchange (max)govtchange (max)ideolleft (max)ideolrel ethnic (max)N_rebelGroups (max)Terr (max)rebel_support_explicit (sum) attack (sum)lnOSV , by (dyad_id)

*Model 1
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly   , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store collapse1

*Model 2
logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store collapse2

*Model 3
logit negotiations_ALL female_members_yearly v2x_delibdem rebstrengthvar ideolrel , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store collapse3
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved) ) level(95) 
*Figure 40. Effect of Female Members on Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence (Group Level Data)
marginsplot

*Model 4
logit negotiation_demand_binary female_members_yearly lnrebdeaths rebelchange govtchange , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx(female_members_yearly) at((asobserved) ) level(95) 
*Figure 41. Effect of Female Members on Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demand (Group Level Data)
marginsplot
estimates store collapse4

esttab collapse1 collapse2 collapse3 collapse4 using "collapse.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 


use "Brannon_etal_Appendix.dta", clear

*2. First-mentions
*Table 22 : Logistic Regression Examining the Effect of Female Membership on Negotiation Incidence & Demands - Coding only first year of female members

*Model 1
logit negotiations_ALL female_member_first , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store first1

*Model 2
logit negotiations_ALL female_member_first v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx(female_member_first) at((asobserved) ) level(95) 
*Figure 42. Effect of Female Members on Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence in Year (Female Membership Onset- strict)
marginsplot
estimates store first2

*Model 3
logit negotiation_demand_binary female_member_first  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store first3

*Model 4
logit negotiation_demand_binary female_member_first v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx(female_member_first) at((asobserved) ) level(95) 
*Figure 43. Effect of Female Members on Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demand in Year (Female Membership Onset-strict)
marginsplot
estimates store first4

esttab first1 first2 first3 first4  using "firstmention.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 

*Table 23 : Logistic Regression Examining the Effect of Female Membership on Negotiation Incidence & Demands- Coding only first mentions of female members (including groups that started with women)

*Model 1
logit negotiations_ALL female_member_first_plus , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store first5

*Model 2
logit negotiations_ALL female_member_first_plus v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx(female_member_first) at((asobserved) ) level(95) 
*Figure 44. Effect of Female Members on Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Incidence in Year (Female Membership Onset & First Year of Conflict)
marginsplot
estimates store first6

*Model 3
logit negotiation_demand_binary female_member_first_plus  , cluster (dyad_id)
estimates store first7
*Model 4
logit negotiation_demand_binary female_member_first_plus v2x_delibdem pts_average medcount   lngovdeaths lnrebdeaths rebstrengthvar rebelchange govtchange ideolleft ideolrel ethnic N_rebelGroups Terr rebel_support_explicit attack lnOSV  , cluster (dyad_id)
margins,  dydx(female_member_first) at((asobserved) ) level(95) 
*Figure 45. Effect of Female Members on Expected Change in Probability of Negotiation Demand in Year (Female Membership Onset & First Year of Conflict)
marginsplot
estimates store first8

esttab first5 first6 first7 first8  using "firstmention2.rtf", replace label se star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) 


